Sealing Device with an Integrated Encoder for Bearings

ABSTRACT

A sealing device is to be fitted at a side of a bearing unit in order to seal a gap ( 15 ) between a stationary race ( 11 ) and a rotatable race ( 10 ) of the bearing unit. The device includes a relatively rigid reinforcing insert ( 16 ) of disc-annular shape, and a gasket ( 17 ) of relatively soft rubber or elastomeric material, over-moulded or vulcanized onto the insert ( 16 ). The gasket forms two opposite peripheral sealing portions ( 18, 19 ) intended to perform a static sealing action against the rotatable race ( 10 ) and a dynamic sealing action on the stationary race ( 11 ), respectively. 
     The insert ( 16 ) includes magnetized or magnetizable material for forming, at predetermined angular zones or fields, a sequence of alternate and/or spaced north/south poles, in order to act as an encoder.

The present invention refers to a sealing device for bearings with an integrated encoder for detecting relative rotation between the races of a bearing unit.

Sealing devices fitted at the sides of a bearing unit in order to seal the gap between the bearing races are well known. Generally, these sealing devices are comprised of a metal reinforcing insert of disc-annular shape onto which there is over-moulded or vulcanized a gasket made of rubber or soft elastomeric material forming two peripheral sealing portions: an outer peripheral portion mounted on the stationary outer race of the bearing in order to perform a static sealing action against this race, and an inner peripheral portion with one or more dynamic sealing lips for sliding against the inner, rotatable bearing race.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,383,728 discloses a sealing device of the above-mentioned type wherein the conventional metal insert is replaced by a rigid annular insert of plastic polymeric material.

There are also known sealing devices for bearings incorporating a magnetic impulse ring or encoder fixed to a protective metal shield mounted on the rotatable bearing race. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,776,420. In use, the impulse ring faces a fixed sensor which detects the relative speed of rotation between the outer and inner bearing races.

The object of the present invention is to provide a light sealing device, involving low manufacturing and assembling costs, allowing to dispose of the conventional metal reinforcing insert and which integrates an impulse ring or encoder for detecting relative rotation between the races of a bearing unit.

This object is accomplished, in accordance with the invention, by a sealing device as defined in the appended claims.

A few preferred but not limiting embodiments of the invention will now be described, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a bearing unit fitted with a pair of sealing devices; and

FIGS. 2-5 are enlarged views of four different embodiments of a sealing device according to the invention.

With reference initially to FIG. 1, a ball bearing unit of conventional design includes a rotatable race 10, a stationary race 11 and a plurality of balls 12 interposed between the races 10 and 11. A sealing device 13, 14 of disc-annular shape is fitted at either opposite side of the bearing in order to seal the gap 15 between the bearing races.

As best shown in FIG. 2, each sealing device comprises a relatively rigid disc-annular insert 16 onto which there is over-moulded or vulcanized a gasket 17 of rubber or soft elastomeric material. The gasket 17 forms—in per se known manner—two opposite peripheral sealing portions 18, 19 intended to perform a static sealing action against the rotatable race 10 and a dynamic sealing action against the stationary race 11, respectively. The peripheral portion 18 is forcefully inserted in a circumferential groove 20 of the rotatable race 10 so as to fix the sealing device to this race. The peripheral portion 19 forms at least one lip 19 a performing a sliding or labyrinth sealing action against the stationary race 11.

According to the invention, the insert 16 is made of a matrix of thermoplastic material loaded with a powder of magnetized or magnetizable material, preferably ferrite. Preferably, the thermoplastic matrix has a softening temperature exceeding 180° C. It may for example consist of polyamide (Nylon 66), or polyimide, or polyethylene-ether-sulphonate, or polyetheretherketone (PEEK).

Owing to the above arrangement, the insert 16, besides reinforcing mechanically the sealing device, performs the functions of an impulse ring or encoder for a rotation detecting device associated with the bearing and capable of detecting relative rotation between the races 10 and 11. It will be noted that, contrary to conventional sealing devices, the one according to the present invention is fixable to the rotatable bearing race, in order to be driven for rotation therewith and work as an annular encoder.

Prior to or after over-moulding or vulcanization of the gasket 17, the insert 16 is polarized magnetically so as to form, in predetermined angular zones or fields, a sequence of suitably alternate and/or spaced north/south poles. The magnetic properties are given to the insert 16 by an apparatus that permanently magnetizes the ferrite in predetermined zones with the desired polar orientation.

Once the sealing device is mounted in the bearing unit, the impulse ring is operatively facing an associated sensor or magnetoelectric transducer (not shown) mounted on a fixed part. As the rotatable race 10 rotates, the magnetic flux linked by the transducer varies as the magnetized zones of the insert 16 pass in front of the transducer, which provides electric pulses indicative of rotation data (angular position, speed, acceleration, etc.) of the rotatable race. The electric signals provided by the transducer are transmitted to an electronic processing unit and processed by this in order to obtain information concerning the motion of the rotatable race.

By way of example, FIGS. 2-5 show axial cross-sections of four forms that the insert 16 and the elastic gasket 17 may take, in accordance with the geometric features of the bearing onto which the sealing device is to be mounted and the working conditions of the bearing. The insert 16 may be bent and shaped at different points in order to increase its flexural strength and improve the anchoring of the rubber gasket 17.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and illustrated herein, which are to be considered as implemented examples of the sealing device. Rather, the invention is likely to undergo modifications as to the shape and location of parts, constructional and functional details and materials used. For example, the peripheral sealing portions 18, 19 may indifferently be formed on the outer or inner peripheral edges of the sealing device, depending on whether this is intended to be applied to a bearing unit with a stationary outer race and a rotatable inner race, or vice versa. 

1. A sealing device for bearings, configured to be fitted at a side of a bearing unit to seal laterally a gap between a stationary race and a rotatable race of the bearing unit, the sealing device comprising: a rigid reinforcing insert of disc-annular shape, and a gasket of rubber or elastomeric material, over-moulded or vulcanized onto the reinforcing insert, the gasket forming two opposite peripheral sealing portions configured to perform a static sealing action against one of the races and a dynamic sealing action against the other of the races, wherein the opposite peripheral sealing portions comprise: a first peripheral portion forming a seal against the rotatable race and a second peripheral portion forming a dynamic seal on the stationary race, and wherein the insert comprises magnetized or magnetizable material for forming, at predetermined angular zones or fields, a sequence of alternate and/or spaced north/south poles, to act as an encoder.
 2. A sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the insert comprises a matrix of plastic material loaded with a powder of magnetized or magnetizable material.
 3. A sealing device according to claim 2, wherein the matrix comprises thermoplastic material having a softening temperature exceeding 180° C.
 4. A sealing device according to claim 3, wherein the thermoplastic matrix is a material chosen from the group consisting of: polyamide (Nylon 66), polyimide, polyethylene-ether-sulphonate, polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
 5. A sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the first peripheral portion is radially outer and the second peripheral portion is radially inner.
 6. A sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the first peripheral portion is radially inner and the second peripheral portion is radially outer.
 7. A sealing device according to claim 1, further comprising fixing means for fixing the device to the rotatable race of a bearing unit. 